The Interpreter's Café
  • Home
  • Videos
  • Links
  • Working with Interpreters
  • Favorite Products
    • Techno Gadgets
    • Books
  • Newsletters
    • December 2017
    • December 2014
    • June 2014
    • March 2014
    • December 2013
    • November 2013
    • October 2013 Newsletter
    • July 2013 Newsletter
    • June 2013 Newsletter
    • March 2013
    • February 2013
    • January 2013
    • December 2012
    • November 2012
    • October 2012
    • September 2012
    • August 2012
    • July 2012
    • June 2012
    • May 2012
    • April 2012
    • March 2012
    • February 2012
    • January 2012
    • November 2011
    • October 2011
    • September 2011
    • August 2011
    • July 2011
    • March 2011
    • February 2011
    • January 2011
    • October 2010
    • September 2010
    • May 2010
    • April 2010
    • March 2010
    • September 2009
    • May 2009 Remastered
    • April 2009 Remastered
    • February 2009 Remastered
  • Healthy Body and Soul
  • Upcoming Seminars
  • More...
    • News
    • Tips for testers
  • COVID info for Medical interpreters


March 2013 Newsletter

In this edition:

The Bar and the Bar Exam
History of the Lawyer-Profession
Science Bits: How Consecutive Interpreting Equipment Works and
Why You Can't Put Metal in the Microwave
Health Body and Soul: What is "Pilates"
Etymology of the term "Patria Potestad"

Glossary of Terms
This Month's Favorite Links


Feliz primavera a todos.
This month we had a productive meeting. Unfortunately Alina was unable to join us due to a busy Wednesday court calendar. This is why I have decided to move our meetings to the 3rd Friday of every month instead of the 3rd Wednesday.
Catalina and Richard were at the Brew-Haha and we were joined by a prospective Mandarin Chinese interpreter and a prospective Spanish interpreter and his lovely wife. We talked about the history of the lawyer-profession, how judges who are trained in working with interpreters are able to steer a hearing in order to keep the interpretation accurate and complete, and we briefly discussed interpreting as a team during a trial.
The aspiring interpreters brought with them very interesting questions that made the more veteran interpreters think and recall our humble beginnings. These subjects are developed further in this newsletter and much more exciting information has been added.


Please remember that we are now meeting on the 3rd Friday of every month. See you April 19th!
Jennifer



History of the Lawyer-Profession

Picture
Emperor Claudius

Early Roman advocates were trained in rhetoric, not law, and the judges before whom they argued were not trained in law either.
A law enacted in 204 BC barred Roman advocates from taking fees, but the law was widely ignored. Any citizen could call himself an advocate or a legal expert, though whether people believed him would depend on his reputation. This changed once Claudius legalized the legal profession. The ban on fees was abolished by Emperor Claudius, who legalized advocacy as a profession and allowed the Roman advocates to become the first lawyers who could practice openly, although he also imposed a fee cap.
In Ancient Greece, the earliest people who could be described as "lawyers" were probably the orators of ancient Athens. However, Athenian orators faced serious structural obstacles. First, there was a rule that individuals were supposed to plead their own cases, which was soon bypassed by the increasing tendency of individuals to ask a friend for assistance.

Unlike Athens, Rome developed a class of specialists who had knowledge of the law, known as jurisconsults.  These were wealthy amateurs who dabbled in law as an intellectual hobby. They gave legal opinions (responsa) on legal issues to all comers (a practice known as publice respondere).

Roman judges and governors would routinely consult with an advisory panel of jurisconsults before rendering a decision, and advocates and ordinary people also called upon jurisconsults for legal opinions.


Healthy Body and Soul

Picture

What is "Pilates"
"Pilates" is a form of exercise, developed by Joseph Pilates, which emphasizes the balanced development of the body through concentration, control, centering, efficiency of movement, precision, and breathing, and aims for elegant sufficiency of movement.

Joseph Humbertus Pilates was a man who believed completely in his method and practiced what he prescribed to others well into his eighties. As a young man, Joseph boxed, and taught self-defense. In 1912 he moved to England where he continued to box and teach self-defense at police schools and Scotland Yard. When Britain entered World War I, his German citizenship led to his imprisonment along with other German nationals as “enemy aliens.” During his imprisonment Joseph taught his exercises to fellow compatriots, and later he acted as a nurse-physiotherapist of sorts. Here he developed the first concepts for his innovative machines by disassembling the camp bunk beds and using the springs as a form of resistance to rehabilitate the injured and bed-ridden.He immigrated to New York, and on the boat met Clara, a nurse. The two married and founded a studio that taught his developing method, “Crontology.” Joseph and Clara taught their method of using the mind to control the muscles to a devout following in New York. Local dancers came regularly to heal injuries quickly and improve their strength while maintaining their flexibility. George Balanchine and Martha Graham became devotees to Joseph Pilates’ method.

For more information click below:

My very patient and very talented Pilates Instructor


The Pilates Method Alliance 



Potestad y Patria Potestad

Picture
Potestad es un concepto que deriva del término latino potestas. Potestas es un termino latino que significa poder o facultad. Es un concepto importante en el derecho romano. La noción permite nombrar al mando, la superioridad, el imperio y la autoridad que alguien dispone sobre otra persona o sobre alguna cosa. Potestad es un término jurídico que contiene un concepto híbrido entre poder, derecho y deber. La potestad supone una derivación de la soberanía y coloca a su titular en una posición de superioridad, lleva implícita una capacidad de fuerza.

La potestad es un derecho. Le faculta legalmente para hacer ciertas cosas. Se entiende a la potestad como un derecho de aquel que la dispone. Esto quiere decir que la ley habilita a un individuo o un organismo a hacer algo gracias a la potestad en cuestión.

La potestad es un poder, porque quien la ostenta puede normalmente hacer uso de la fuerza para ejercerla. Por ello se atribuye normalmente a alguna autoridad.

La potestad es un deber, porque la persona que la ostenta está obligada a ejercerla, y no se puede rechazar.

Lo habitual es que la potestad sea una característica de entes de derecho público (la administración, el ministerio público, etc.), pero también se utiliza el término en derecho privado. El caso más emblemático es el de la patria potestad, que es un derecho-deber irrenunciable que los padres ostentan frente a la tenencia legal de sus hijos.

El termino patria tiene su origen del latín patrius referente al  padre o padres
. A diferencia de potestad judicial, la noción de patria potestad se vincula a las obligaciones y los derechos que los padres tienen sobre sus descendientes cuando los hijos no alcanzaron la mayoría de edad o sufren una incapacidad. Si el Estado advierte que los padres no garantizan la protección de los intereses de sus hijos, pueden quitarle la patria potestad.



Picture
Eat Fruit!


The Bar and the Bar Exam

Picture
The origin of the term bar is from the barring furniture dividing a medieval European courtroom. In the US and in Europe, the area in front of the partition is restricted to participants in the trial: the judge or judges, other court officials, the jury (if any), the lawyers for each party, the parties to the case, the interpreters, and witnesses giving testimony. It is sometimes also called the pen. The area behind the bar is open to the public. This restriction is enforced in nearly all courts.

The bar  is also known as the area enclosed by swinging gate doors (usually with a railing design) in an American courtroom that separates the judge's bench and lawyer's tables from the public viewing area.

In legal terms, the Bar is a professional organization of lawyers.

The term bar is also used to collectively define the group of licensed lawyers in a given jurisdiction.

The bar may also refer to the qualifying procedure by which a lawyer is licensed to practice law.

In the United States, this procedure is administered by the individual states. In general, a candidate must graduate from a qualified law school, undergo a character and fitness investigation, and pass a written test: the bar examination. Nearly all states use the MultiState Bar Examination, usually with additions for each state's laws. After the applicant passes the exam there is a pre-admission conference. The person is then admitted to the bar. A lawyer whose license to practice law is revoked is said to be disbarred.
For more information visit the Board of Bar Examiners of the Supreme Court of Delaware.




Techno Gadgets: Wireless Interpreter Equipment and How it Works

Picture
Wireless Equipment is different from wired microphones and headphones. Interpreters that work in the Delaware courthouses are currently supplied with wired equipment. Wired equipment in the courtroom is cumbersome, takes time to install, and limits the interpreter to a chair near an outlet.

The main advantage of wireless equipment, compared to wired microphones and headphones is freedom of movement and a rapid set-up.With wireless microphones an interpreter or presenter has much greater flexibility to move around a courtroom or among an audience. The biggest disadvantage is price, as a large set of wireless equipment  is, in general, more expensive.

How it works:  Wireless microphones require a wireless transmitter, and a wireless receiver.

The wireless transmitter is either built into the microphone itself (as in handheld wireless microphones), or is connected by a short cable to a body pack transmitter. All wireless transmitters require a battery (typically 9-volt or AA batteries) and broadcast through an internal or external antenna.

The wireless receiver is tuned to the same electromagnetic wavelength as the transmitter (usually VHF, UHF or IR) and is physically attached to an output device such as a closed system headset or a PA (public announcement) system.



More Science Bits

Picture
If you interpret in civil court, you may have a trial in which a scientist has to explain:
Why You Can't Put Metal in the Microwave

The energy of light, heat, x-rays, radar, and in a microwave oven is what we call "electromagnetic" energy. It's electrical and magnetic at the same time. We can think of this energy as moving like a ray of light. We say it's "radiant." It "radiates." So, microwaves are "electromagnetic radiation."  This electromagnetic radiation moves in waves.The wavelengths of microwaves are easily absorbed by water molecules. As microwave energy passes through food, the water molecules take the microwave (light) energy and vibrate. This increases more molecular movement. The energy of the rubbing water molecules turns to heat. But when these waves hit metal like the aluminum foil or gold paint, the metal absorbs the microwaves like an antenna. The energy doesn't turn to heat, roughly because metal is not water. The microwave energy has to find a place to go. It usually forms sparks that jump from air molecule to air molecule all the way back to the metal sides or bottom of the oven. Where the sparks comes and goes from the aluminum foil or metal paint, it gets hot. The energy is concentrated. It often burns a tiny hole or pit in the metal. It is energy simply looking for a place to spread out. It can't; so, don't put metal in a microwave!

From: Ask a Scientist
On September 17th, 1998 the Ithaca Journal ran its first "Ask A Scientist!" article in which Professor Neil Ashcroft (who was then the director of the Cornell Center for Materials and Research of CCMR) answered the question "What is Jupiter made of?" Since then, they have received over 1,000 questions from students and adults from all over the world. Select questions are answered weekly and published in the Ithaca Journal and on their web site. "Ask A Scientist!" reaches more than 21,000 Central New York residents through the Ithaca Journal and countless others around the world through the "Ask a Scientist!" web site.


Glosario

Picture
Usurpación de nombre: Usurpación de nombre o identidad es cuando el nombre de una persona es usado maliciosamente para la designación de cosas o personajes de fantasía. Es una violación al Derecho de Identidad.

Uso indebido de nombre: Uso indebido de nombre es por ejemplo poner el apellido de un doctor en una receta sin su permiso.

Dar un nombre falso: Dar un nombre falso es cuando un policía le pregunta a una persona como se llama y la persona responde dándole un nombre que en realidad no es el verdadero. Dar un nombre incompleto o cambiar el orden de los nombres y/o apellidos a propósito y maliciosamente es dar un nombre falso.

Falsificación de documentos: la falsificación es, además de la simulación total o parcial de un documento o de la realidad jurídica que refleja, toda actuación o intervención material o intelectual que, incidiendo en su contenido, sentido o integridad, intencionadamente configure una situación jurídica que no se corresponde con la realidad o altere su relevancia o eficacia, o lo atribuya a persona u órgano que no haya intervenido en su creación, contenido o firma (SAP GRANADA, sección 1, 25/10/2004).

Suplantación de identidad: se usa en el mundo cibernetico y es cuando se hace pasar por otro en redes sociales de internet  para llevar a cabo acoso, bullying, humillación, etc.
  Es una violación al derecho al honor, la intimidad y a la propia imagen.




This Month's Favorite Links:

Rama Judicial de Puerto Rico

Cornell Center for Materials and Research
Games for the Brain
Holistic Medicine in Wilmington Delaware: Allan Tillotson


Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates.
Photos used under Creative Commons from cuatrok77, gypsychica17, sermarr erGuiri